Spray-nozzle.



A. G. ENEAS.

SPRAY NOZZLE.

APPucATloN FILED JUNE lo. 1914.

Patented Dec. 7, 1915.

Figi.

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IED TAE@ Pf l AUIBREY G. ENEAS, OF WINTHROP, :MIASsACHUslil'lTs,4 ASSIGNOR T0 SPRAY ENGI- NEERING COMPANY, 0F BOSTON, MASSACHUSETTS, A CORPORATION OF MAINE.

sPaAY-Nozznn.

Specification of Letters Patent.

vOriginal application led December 27, 1909, Serial No. 535,129. Divided and this application led June 10, 1914. Serial No. 844,358.

To all whom t may concern:

Be it known that I, AUBREY Gr. ENEAS, a subject of the King of Great Britain, and a resident of \Vinthrop,'in the county of Suf-y folk and State of Massachusetts, have invented an Improvement in Spray-Nozzles,

of which the following description, in connection with the aaccompanying drawings, is a specification, like characters on the drawings representing like parts.

This application is a division of my application Serial No. 535,129, filed December 27, 1909, now Patent No. 1,101,264, dated Junel 2351914.

`This invention relates to fluid spray noz-i ance with mv invention and by which the method of my invention may be practised; Fig. 2 is a central longitudinal section taken through the inner and outer chambers of the nozzle; and Fig. 3 is a similar section of a modified form of the invention.

By the nozzle herein disclosed and in accordance with and in carrying out the method of my invention, I form and distribute over preferably an extended area, a spray composed of or comprising water or other liquid or suitable fluid, and which is, in the most effective embodiment thereof, of substantially uniform homogeneity throughout. Such spray is capable of use in many and varied relations. Among other uses, to

which I am in no wise limited in the practice vof my invention, I may enumerate the following: for aerating municipal and other water supplies in reservoirs and other places; in connection with cooling ponds, to spray the water heated in condensers of turbine or other engines; for spraying eiiiuent in connection with sprinkling filter beds;

for precipitating coal dust; for air washing; for condensing vapors; for humidifying air in chemical plants and in cotton mills; for oil.burners; fire extinguishers, and in fact for many other uses not herein necessary to enumerate.l

In carrying out my method, I project the Huid, of Whatever nature, in a Haring spray, and in practising the method I preferably simultaneously produce both rotary and nonrotary jets, and mix, mingle or blend said jets within a confined space from which I cause the mixed, mingled or blended mass to issue in a spray of substantially uniform homogeneity. It is not, however, necessary.

or essential that both rotary and non-rotary jets be formed, ascertain principles and results of my invention are not dependent upon the production of both rotary and nonrotary jets, as will be more fully pointed out hereinafter. The character of the jets may be varied provided the proper mixing, mingling or blending within a confined space be effected. Preferably, and as shown in Fig. 2, the central or axial jet is a nonrotary one and jets are positioned about the same and are caused transversely to impinge upon the axial or central jet with the result that said jets are suiiiciently mixed to produce a spray of the character described when discharged from the confined space, the outer jets being herein represented as non-rotary, but not necessarily of that character. Inl accordance with the broad principle of my invention and in carrying out my method, I preferably provide a chamber in advance of the jet producing means.

the said chamber being so shaped and of such a volume as to permit an effective mixture or blending of the jets before they issue in spray form from said chamber. This re sult may in part be effected by so shaping the chamber or so positioning an abutment therein as to cause impact thereon of one or more of the surrounding jets and rebound thereof, with the result of a mixing or blending of these jets Within the confined space. I may, while retaining such mixing chamber, suitably varyjthe character of the Several jets, provided a proper mixing be effected within said chamber, in accordance with the principle and purpose of my invention.

In those embodiments of the nozzle of my invention herein selected for illustration and by which I may practice my invention, the nozzle comprises a shell or casing 1 constituting an outer mixingY chamber and having an entrance 2 for the water or other liquid to be sprayed and a discharge orifice 3. The nozzle may be suitably connected to a hose or other means for conveying the fluid or liquid to be sprayed. For the purpose, I have herein represented the nozzle 1 as interiorlythreaded at 4 in both Figs. 2 and 3 of the drawing.

Referring first to Fig. 2, I form or position within the shell 1 an inner liquid guiding member 5, herein represented as detachabley from the shell 1 and as exteriorly threaded at 6, so that it'may be screwed into position in the shell 1, forming the mixing chamber 7. The inner member 5 may be constructed in any suitable manner to l`produce the desired results. In order to effect the sprayingreferred to, I so construct the inner liquid guiding member that it will discharge or direct into the mixing chanlber 7 a plurality of jets as hereinafter set forth. For this purpose, I preferably employ a single central whirling or centrifugal jet 8 and one or more exterior jets surrounding more or less the central jet. The outer jet or each outer jet, if a plurality thereof be employed, is herein illustrated at 10`in Fig. 2 as a nonrotary jet or jets. Obviously the method is not dependent upon the particular form of inner guiding member 5 or the means for positioning or forming the same within the shell or casing.

An important object of my invention is to form about the central jet, whichy is of a more or less rotary character, a series of jets which together surround or partially sur! round the central jet and which are thoroughly mixed within a relatively large mixing chamber. Probably the lconstruction is such that the outer jets are directed into mixing relation with the central jet within the nozzle. Y

In that form of nozzle shown in Fig. 2, the central jet is produced by thel central, twisted, screw-like or spiral passage 11 suitably formed in the liquid guiding member 5 and receiving the water or other liquid or fluid directed thereinto under pressure and from any suitable source. The meansofor producing a more or less rotary inner jet may be varied within the scope of my invention, dependent upon the degree of rotation that it is desired to impart to said vcentral jet. .riiirrounding the central screw-like or n this embodiment of my l" v a plurality of cinici at anysuitable point radially outside of the central passage 11, the character of such passages being such as to prbduce a series of jets together sur; rounding4 or partly surrounding the inner jet, to accomplish the mixing herein referred to. These passages 12 receive liquid or fluid under pressure from the same source, but, in the selected embodiment of my invention instead of imparting a whirling or rotating action thereto as does the passage 11 to the central or axial jet, these passages transmit the liquid or fluid therethrough in substantially straight jets which are :aused in any suitable manner to be mixed or mingled with the axial rotating or whirling jet. It is, however, to be clearly understood that I am not limited in all aspects of my invention to the employment of straight outer passages, since certain objects .and principles of my invention may be carried out with outer jets otherwise formed, lprovided a proper mixing be established as herein set forth. The jets passing through the passages 11 and 12 are primarily of equal ve! locity, but the velocity of the jets passing through the outer orifices 12 is reduced below thatof the central jet, owing to the contact of said outer jets with'the inner wall of the mixing chamber 7. The jets passing through said passages 11 and 12 converge and meet within the mixing chamber 7, the tapering formation of said chamber 7 compelling the mixing of the jets. The imping'ing of the jets upon each other thoroughly breaks up and compels a thorough mixing and distribution of the constituent parts thereof, so that as the liquid emerges from the nozzle, it spreads out into a cone, whose apex is the orifice of the nozzle, the spray being substantially uniformly and thoroughly distributed throughout Vthe entire cone, in the preferred embodiment of my invention. Obviously the pitch of the walls of the central or axial passage may be varied within the scope of my invention. In other spraying nozzles with which I am familiar, the spray is discharged in a cone, but the spray is substantially confined to the elements ofl the cone, so that in reality the spray emerges in a sheet of conical form, it also being common to provide a central jet discharged unmixed with said conical jet and intended for ornamental effect merely. My nozzle and the method herein disclosed, on the contrary. in its preferred embodiment, produce a spray so uniformly distributed that were sections taken through the cone to which I have referred, they would exhibit a substantially uniform distribution of the spray throughout such section. This uniform distribution is owing to the mixing compelled by the jets 11 and 12 and the distribution in all directions resulting therefrom. The mixing chamber is relatively large compared to orifice through which the fluid issues from the nozzle. Said chamber is of suflicient volume and so shaped as to permit and effect blending or mixing of the jets before issuance from the nozzle. In that form of nozzle herein illustrated, the chamber is so shaped as to direct the outer, jet or jets, herein shown as straight, across the path of the axial jet Within the chamber, before the jets issue from the nozzle, thereby to cause said outer jet or jets to be sprayed by said.

axial jet, so as to increase the spraying angleand form a full spray. In that form of nozzle herein shown, the cross sectional area of the mixing chamber exceeds the combined cross sectional area of the axial and outer jets. The chamber is in. advance of the means for producing the jets andhas its exit spaced sufficiently therefrom to permit a blending of the jets VWithin the nozzle, the chamber being shown as having .an impactreceiving formation to compel said blending. The said chamber is shaped to compel transverse impingement upon and ensuingblending of the outer je-t or jets With the central rotary jet. The outer jet or jets, herein shown as non-rotary, but not necessarily so, is or are transversely projectedy into blending union With the central rotary jet, before issuance of the jets from the nozzle, it being evident that I provide an impact receiving and rebound-compelling abutment posi tioned in advance of the jet-producing means, to cause blending of the jets before issuance from the nozzle.

In Fig. 3, I have shown still another formA of my invention wherein Water or other suitable fluid is admitted in a straight jet through a central passage 13 and in non-rotative surrounding jets through passages 14 of any suitable number. In this' form of the invention, the outer jets are compelled to converge upon the central jet and become thoroughly intermingled therewith. In this form of the invention I may likewise introduce air at atmospheric or other pressure into the mixing chamber in substantially the manner already described.

It Will be apparent from the foregoing description that the nozzle herein described is of great simplicity of construction and is of much capacity. By reason of the uniform distribution of the spray, there .is a very substantial freedom from all drift. Moreover by reason of the fact that the nozzle contains no moving parts, it is more durable and of cheaper construction. It will also be apparent that in accordance With my method, the liquid or'luid of the jets is mixed or blended Within a confined chamber or space and that the mixed mass issues therefrom in a spray which is of substantially uniform homogeneity. It Will 'furthermore be apparent that the liquid or fluid of the jets is sprayed and atomized and is so thoroughly distributed that all points Within the range of the nozzle receive substantially an equal A amount bf sprayed or atomized liquid or fluid.

Having thus described certain illustrative embodiments of the nozzle of my invention and the preferred manner of practising my- 1. In a spray nozzle; means for simulta- L neously producing a substantially central rotary jet and one or more outer non-rotary Cjets, and means for mingling Said jets before issuance from the nozzle.

2. In a spray nozzle, means for simultaneously producing a substantially central, rotary jet and one or more outer, non-rotary jets and means transversely to project said non-rotary jet or jets into blending union with said rotary jet before issuance of said jets from the nozzle.

3, In a spray nozzle, in combination, means for producing a rotary axial jet, means for producing one or more outer, nonrotary jets, and a chamber in advance of said means shaped to compel transverse impingement upon and ensuing blending of said non-rotary jet or jets With said axial rotary jet. A

4. In a spray nozzle, in combination, means for producing a rotary, substantially central jet, and one or more outer, non-rotary jets, and an impact receiving and re-A bound-compelling abutment positioned in advance of said means to cause blending of said jets before issuance from the nozzle.

5. In a spray nozzle, in combination, means for producing a substantially central, rotary jet and one or more outer, non-rotary jets, and a chamber in advance of said means and having its exit spaced sufliciently therefrom to permit blending of said jets Within the nozzle, said chamber having an impact-receiving formation to compel said blending.4

6. In a spray nozzle, in combination, means for producing 'a substantially central, rotary jet and one or more outer, non-rotary jets, and a chamber in advance of said means and of suiiicient volume and shaped to permit and effect blending of said jets before issuance from the nozzle.

7. That method of distributing liquid over.

rotary jet and one or more outer, non-rotary jets and in causing the mixture of said jets Within a confined space and the issuance thereof from said space in a jet of uniform homogeneity.

9. That method of distributing liquid over an extended area Which consists in simultaneously producing a substantially central, rotary jet and an outer, non-rotary vjet and in transversely projecting the non-rotary jet in a confined space into blending union With said rotary jet and thereafter effecting issuance of said blended jets from said space as a spray.

10. In a spray nozzle, the combination of means for producing a rotating, axial jet,

.means for producing one or more surrounding, substantially straight jets and a relatively large mixing chamber in advance of the means for producing the axial jet having guiding means positioned to direct said straight jet or jets across the path of the axial jet Within the mixing chamber'before said jets issue from the nozzle, whereby said jets are mixed.

11. In a spray nozzle, the combination 0f means for producing a rotating axial jet, means for producing one or more outer, nonrotating jets and a chamber in advance of the means for producing said jets and having converging Walls shaped to direct said non-rotating jet or jets across the path of the axial jet Within the said chamber before the jets issue from the nozzle.

12. A spray nozzle comprising in combination, means for producing an axial, rotating jet and one or more outer` straight jets and a surrounding mixing chamber beyond the jet orifices in Which all the jets are mixed before emission from the nozzle, the cross sectional area of said mixing chamber exceeding the combined cross sectional area of said axial and outer jets.`

13. A spray nozzle comprising in combination, means for producing a central jet, means 'for producing a plurality of outer, straight jets, and means for mingling said jets before issuance from the nozzle.

14:. In a spray nozzle, a central, substan- 'tially helical jet-forming orifice and means for producing one or more outer non-rotary jets, and means for mingling said jets before issuancer from the nozzle.

15. In a spray nozzle, a central, substantially helical jet-forming orificeand means for producing one or more outer non-rotary jets, and means transversely to direct said non-rotary jet or jets into blending union With said central jet before issuance of said jets from the nozzle.

16. In a nozzle, the combination of means for producing a rotary, substantially axial jet, means for producing an outer jet or series of jets about the substantially axial jet,

55 and a relatively large mixing chamber in advance of the means for producing the substantially axial jet, having guiding means positioned to direct the outer jet or jets across the path of the substantially axial jet Within said mixing chamber before said jets issue from the nozzle.

17. In a nozzle, the combination of means for producing a rotary, substantially axial jet, means for producing an outer jet or series of jets about the substantially axial jet, and a chamber in advance of the means for producing said jets and having converging Walls, shaped to direct said outer jet or jets across the path of the substantially axial jet Within the chamber before the jets issue from the nozzle. 4

18. In a nozzle, the combination of means for producing a rotary, substantially axial jet, means for producing an outer jet or series of jets about the substantially axial jet, and a chamber in advance of the means for producing said jet, in Which all the jets are mixed before emission from the nozzle, the cross sectional area of said mixing chamber exceeding the combined cross sectional areas ofthe orifices for said axial jet and surrounding jet or jets.

19. In a nozzle, the combination of means for producing a rotary, substantially axial jet, means for producing .an outer jet or series of jets about the substantially axial jet, and a chamber in advance of the means for producing said jets and having converging Walls shaped to direct said outer jet or jets across the path of the substantially axial jet within the chamber before the jets issue from the nozzle, the exit of the mixing chamber being spaced suliiciently from the jet orifices to permit a blending of the jets Within the nozzle.

20. That' method of distributing liquid over an extended area Which consists in simultaneously producing both a rotary, sub-v stantially central jet, and one or more outer jets, in transversely projecting the outer jet or jets in a confined space into blending union With said rotary, central jet, and in thereafter'efecting issuance of said blended' jets from said space as a spray. u

21. That method of distributing liquid over an extended area Which consists in simultaneously producing both a rotary, substantially central jet and .a series of outer jets together substantially surrounding said central jet, in transversely projecting the outer jets in a confined space into blending union With said rotary, central jet, and in thereafter effecting issuance of said blended jets from said space as a spray.

22. In a nozzle, the combination of means for producing a ysubstantially axial jet, means for producing a series of outer jets substantially surrounding the axial jet, and a relatively large mixing chamber in advance of the means for producing said jets,

said chamber having converging Walls shaped to direct said outer jets across the path of the axial jet Within Vthe chamber before the jets issue from the nozzle, the cross sectional area of said mixing chamber exceeding the combined cross sectional areas of said axial jet; oriice and the outer jet orifices, and the exit of said mixing chamber being spaced sufficiently from the jet orices to permit a blending of the jets Within the 10 nozzle.

In .testimony whereof, I have signed my name to this specification, in the presence of tWo subscribing Witnesses.

AUBREY G. ENEAS.

Witnesses Y JOHN R. MoULToN, F. IRENE CHANDLER. 

